Long wire Water Tank Level Indicator, Floating Values when on Electrical outlet

Your images do not yet give me an overall picture of the project. None of these is a schematic diagram. A schematic shows the electronic components, power supply and all sensors and connections. I am happy to diagnose from a schematic, but not from separate and incomplete pictures.

Specifically, the picture of the four pairs of Cat5 is typical, so tells me nothing. Which wire pair are you using for what connections?

In your code, have enabled or disabled the inbuilt pull-up resistors? If enabled, then you have 10k pullups and 1k pulldowns on the inputs.

The image of the "actual project" tells me nothing. I need a full schematic, not a picture.

I am keen and happy to help, but there is not enough information.