What about the bootloader?

Yes for (1) and (2)

The answer for (3) is: no, you can't with SAM-BA bootloader.

Using SAM-BA bootloader you can upload a file in two way:

  • from UART (pins RX0/TX0 on the Due Board at 115200bps N81).
  • using USB, if you connect the board to a PC the board is seen as a virtual serial port. SAMBA has a little USB Device driver for serial port emulation.

So, forget mass storage devices, unless you write your own bootloader that handles USB Host OTG, but this is another story...