what is very strange in your dmesg is that it's missing the wlan0 part... for example from my Yun:
[ 51.690000] cfg80211: Calling CRDA for country: IT
[ 51.690000] cfg80211: Regulatory domain changed to country: IT
[ 51.690000] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[ 51.700000] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[ 51.700000] cfg80211: (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[ 51.700000] cfg80211: (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[ 51.710000] cfg80211: (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[ 55.530000] wlan0: authenticate with aa:bb:cc:dd:aa:bb:cc:dd
[ 55.580000] wlan0: send auth to aa:bb:cc:dd:aa:bb:cc:dd (try 1/3)
[ 55.700000] wlan0: send auth to aa:bb:cc:dd:aa:bb:cc:dd (try 2/3)
[ 55.700000] wlan0: authenticated
[ 55.730000] wlan0: associate with aa:bb:cc:dd:aa:bb:cc:dd (try 1/3)
[ 55.730000] wlan0: RX AssocResp from aa:bb:cc:dd:aa:bb:cc:dd (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=5)
[ 55.730000] wlan0: associated
Try enter the following command in SSH: cat /etc/config/wireless
You should read the configuration of your wireless network (ssid, key...)... let us know!