I have the arduino sending a GET to the PHP
Can you post this code?
The PHP checks that value against the database
And this code?
Typically, when a GET request is made, the client expects an HTML page back. But, the server could send a text file or jpg file or zip file or an xml file instead.
PHP is capable of returning an HTML-based page, as well as simple text.
The Arduino then needs to check for some data coming back from the server, and extract the relevant data from the file.
I've done quite a bit with PHP (not recently, but I still remember a little) and MySQL, so it shouldn't be hard at all to make PHP reply with the appropriate information.