OK
re #1, the spark generated by the CDI will always produce a grounding signal to the tester. I use a small SCR to do this and that is triggered by an inductive pickup. This keeps annoying rfi from getting back to the Arduino, they hate that stuff!
re #2, it is VERY likely that I will always use the rising edge of the first sine and will call that point rising whether that first sine is pos or neg. That is where the CDI starts its timing to create a pulse to trigger the SCR for the spark.
re #3, this may not apply? I am using the output after the op-amp that is driven by the DAC.
re #4, I have long been looking for a good way to simulate the HV from the magneto and the 5 pulses per rev seemed to be a workable solution. I have some small transformers with powdered iron pole pieces so frequency response should be much better that the lines transformer I had been using. I needed a transformer with a fairly low primary resistance and now have a few to try. I also have a DC - DC converter that is adjustable and can output 100 to 300 vdc. It may be a viable choice and that would allow the charge pulses to be completely removed. This is after all just for testing and measurement and not long term operation.
Best, Tom