Ok, the problem is now solved. At least the display problem.
The LED panel is built, and it can now display animations with the technique you taught me @Grumpy_Mike. Entering actual hex codes rather completing them with FF to make the data chunks 8 characters long was the solution. I can now run gifs on the LED panel, and the frame rate is really good.
With a little less than 2 months remaining to finish this project, I now need to implement interaction with the computer in between each frame, or every 10 frames, something short. The animation will be divided into clips that will play one after the other, every 5 questions the user answers. The questions are answered with a 5 pad keyboard connected to a computer, which analyzes the inputs, and simply sends a signal to the LED panel Arduino Mega to jump to next clip.
I also have a bit of an issue with the colors of the led panel, which are really different. This picture here does not render well on my LED panel. You can barely see the difference in tint between the 2 blues, and the beige layer is barely visible, so as the contrast between the 2 oranges.

This is a minor issue, as I only need a palette of 5 different colors for each cell I will do (around 10), I can just live test the color palettes on the panel rather than on my computer screen, and see what looks best.
I do hope the rest of the job will go more smoothly, and I thank you so much @Grumpy_Mike for your help. I hope you're a good person and if you think you are I am willing to pay you a paypal coffee, you helped me a lot so far, thanks so much!
I will get back on here if I run into more trouble, thanks a lot, cheers!