Thanks for the answer!
Oddly enough, the Serial library at compilation was taken from 163. I deleted 163. This did not help.
Today I experimented with the messages in the package. NEO 57600baud, 5Hz. The working version is the following and the only one.
UBX NAV-SOL, Size 60, 'Navigation Solution'
UBX NAV-PVT, Size 100, 'Navigation PVT Solution'
UBX NAV-POSLLH, Size 36, 'Geodetic Position'
UBX NAV-VELNED, Size 44, 'Velocity in WGS 84'
Total 240 bytes.
In this order, NEO builds them.
I add MON-HW2 long 36 byte. He stands in front of SOL on some time lead. But its frequency of appearance is 1 Hz. At this point, the parsing does not work. After that, I removed MON-HW2, but I inserted the message DOP 26 byte. It fell AFTER the POSLLH message. With him, the parsing also disappeared. At lower speeds 38400, 19200 the same.
I noticed that after pressing the reset button, the first parsing takes place under any conditions.
It seems that with a packet of more than 240 bytes, some kind of buffer overflows.
Maybe problem in Stream.h lib?
I do not know what to do anymore ((((
https://www.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/products/documents/u-blox8-M8_ReceiverDescrProtSpec_%28UBX-13003221%29_Public.pdf