Data won't write to SD within loop

Filenames need to adhere to the 8.3 format, your's doesn't.

OP's code (as is)

#include <Wire.h>
#include "AS726X.h"
#include <SPI.h>
#include <SD.h>

AS726X sensor;//Creates the sensor object
byte GAIN = 2;
byte MEASUREMENT_MODE = 0;
byte integrationValue = 200; // Change this between 1 - 255 for longer intergration times and more readings.
const int CHANNEL_0 = 0;
int buttonApin = 9;
const int chipSelect = 8;
float sensordataViolet;
float sensordataBlue;
float sensordataGreen;
float sensordataYellow;
float sensordataOrange;
float sensordataRed;
//unsigned long previousTime1;

const int forwards = 7;

const int backwards = 6;//assign relay INx pin to arduino pin

//int  j = 0;


void setup() {

pinMode(buttonApin, INPUT_PULLUP); 
 Serial.begin(115200);  
pinMode(10, OUTPUT); 
   // The chipSelect pin you use should also be set to output
   Serial.println("Initializing SD card");
pinMode(chipSelect, OUTPUT);
  // see if the card is present and can be initialized:
   if (!SD.begin(chipSelect)) {
    Serial.println("Card failed, or not present");
     //don't do anything more:
    return;
  }
  Serial.println("card initialized.");
//SD.begin(chipSelect);
 
Wire.begin();
pinMode(forwards, OUTPUT);//set relay as an output

pinMode(backwards, OUTPUT);//set relay as an output


sensor.begin();
 


}



void loop() {
    int  j = 0;
  
   if (digitalRead(buttonApin) == LOW) // low means on/ pushed. it is when pushed it connects the wire
  
  {
 digitalWrite(forwards, LOW);
 digitalWrite(backwards, HIGH);//Activate the relay  to go out. Note they must be different to move the motor


do {
    sensor.enableBulb(); 
    sensor.takeMeasurements();
 
    sensordataViolet = sensor.getCalibratedViolet();
    
    sensordataBlue = sensor.getCalibratedBlue();
    sensordataGreen = sensor.getCalibratedGreen();
    sensordataYellow = sensor.getCalibratedYellow();
    sensordataOrange = sensor.getCalibratedOrange();
    sensordataRed = sensor.getCalibratedRed();
    
   
 
 File dataFile = SD.open("lactuator.csv", FILE_WRITE);   
    dataFile.println(" 00000, 450 , 500 , 550 , 570 , 600 , 650 "); // blank line
    //String header = "V, B, G, O, Y, R"; // headers
    //dataFile.print(previousTime1);
      dataFile.print(",");
    dataFile.print(sensordataViolet);
     dataFile.print(",");
    dataFile.print(sensordataBlue);
      dataFile.print(",");
    dataFile.print(sensordataGreen);
      dataFile.print(",");
    dataFile.print(sensordataYellow);
      dataFile.print(",");
    dataFile.print(sensordataOrange);
      dataFile.print(",");
    dataFile.print(sensordataRed);
      dataFile.print(",");
    dataFile.flush();
    dataFile.close();
    
    Serial.println(sensordataViolet);
    Serial.println(sensordataBlue);
    Serial.println(sensordataGreen);
    Serial.println(sensordataYellow);
    Serial.println(sensordataOrange);
    Serial.println(sensordataRed);

  
   //sensor.disableBulb();
    j = j+1;

} while ( j < 10  ); // hopefully this runs throug 


   sensor.disableBulb();
 delay(2000); // wait 2 seconds


   //dataFile.close();
   //sensor.disableBulb();
// I might need this in the do loop
  
digitalWrite(forwards, HIGH);
 digitalWrite(backwards, HIGH);//Deactivate both relays to brake the motor
delay(2000);// wait 2 

 digitalWrite(forwards, HIGH);

 digitalWrite(backwards, LOW);//Activate the relay to retract actuator, they must be different to move the motor

  delay(2000);// wait 2 seconds

}

}