This will be a tough row to hoe. Sensors work by detecting some predictable property or event. Light sensors detect EM radiation of a certain range. Microphones detect acoustical wave pressures. Temperature sensors detect temperature. What property of "plastics" do you propose to detect? Polymers are extremely variable. They can be transparent or opaque, of any color. They can be rigid or flexible. The vary hugely in density and chemical composition. They can be any shape and size imaginable. There is nothing predictable about them. Even human beings, using all of their senses and with the aid of a hugely sophisticated processor (the brain) cannot always reliably detect a plastic without some experimentation.
S.