However, we would like to use a very fast servo (the Align DS610: http://www.servodatabase.com/?sort=speed), which - in addition to his high speed (0.08 sec/60°) - is said to also have a higher pulse frequency than normal, namely 200hz. Thus, if I understand this right, this servo should be able to receive a new command each 5ms, instead of each 20ms (Aim I right with this interpretation?).
NO.
Regarding the table you referred to :
since you are Cognitive Neurologist and not an Electronics tech or engineer, we can hardly expect you to know the PWM protocol for RC servos as opposed to the standard PWM of an arduino analogWrite command. What you saw on that table was a cross reference of the frequency of the repeating pulse to the center position pulse width. RC servo PWM differs from analogWrite PWM
in that the pulse width is much narrower and the total deviation of this pulse width is much smaller than the pwm of analogWrite which is a % duty cycle. Servo pulse width is not % duty cycle . The table indicates that for the center position , a pulse width of 1500uS repeats is transmitted at 200 hz. . The period for a 200 hertz waveform is 5mS. This means that during the 5mS period of the 200 hz pwm signal , the HIGH pulse is 1500uS , which is a duty cycle equivilent to 30% , but the total deviation never achieves 100% because the servo signal has a very narrow pulse width with a small deviation, unlike an analogWrite pulse which can deviated from 0% to 100%. We don't expect a Cognitive Neurologist to understand this, but that's what it means and has nothing at all to do with how fast the servo arm moves.