chrisnet:
Would 5 of these work?
They certainly would, but you wanted them small. You would want the SMD version. Note however, that whatever you use to drop the voltage, short of a switchmode regulator, will want to dissipate the same amount of power. The advantage of five power diodes is that the dissipation is spread over - five components. But this dissipation depends entirely on how much current you propose to draw in the Arduino and associated components.
And another hint when posting URLs from Adafruit or eBay - lose the question mark and everything following it - this only identifies you and your current search to the website - it means nothing to anyone else. Note the abbreviated link I cite here.
chrisnet:
OK I would still like to know if the 40V 1A Rectifier Diodes are the right ones and if I need a resistor at the end of the last Diode?
No, there is no reason you would - the Arduino will provide a minimum load.