I'm really new to arduino. I connected 2 leds in a row to an output pin on my arduino uno r3. It's working fine. As I read a led has an internal resistance of 100 Ohm. 2 LEDs in a row should split there 5 V to 2.5V each. This way it should be no problem for the leds, shouldn't it?
They are darker because they are operating closer to rated spec. You can go ahead and use them without resistor for very bright light but be mindful this will significantly shorten LED's lifespan.
For breadboard use, this would be fine, it'd be easy to pull dead LED out and replace it. But for soldered in board, you don't want to stress PCB having to desolder old one out and solder in new one every so often.
So listen to the expert advice here and not crap from dubious sources. Where did you read this? My guess is on the Instructables site, that is normally crap.
Some leds do have an internal resistor, I have never used these myself since they are quite expensive, but I guess the first step would be to figure out if this is the case
Chnek:
Some leds do have an internal resistor, I have never used these myself since they are quite expensive, but I guess the first step would be to figure out if this is the case