I have a custom pcb with an Atmega2560 and an 20x4 I2C LCD with the I2C backpack from JOY.IT.
I use an onboard 5V regulator (TSR_1-2450) that converts the 12V to 5V that powers the pcb and LCD.
Everything was working fine for hours, I use the LCD to interface with the user with an encoder and menus.
Then I moved the system to a tractor (with the same 12V power) but the 12V socket sometimes disconnects and connects rapidly, and now the LCD ligths up but doesn't show text.
I have not changed the code, I have already tested the I2C scanner code, but no device is found.
If I connect a new LCD everything works.
This has happened to me in the past, is it possible that the LCD is burned now?
In answer to the first - Obviously.
In answer to the second - Being in a tractor, it's not unlike an automotive environment, many hazards there (electrical and mechanical).
LCD displays quit very slowly due to age or due to sunlight heating the crystals. Your problem happened too suddenly for either to have happened. Look for cold solder joints.