The Due has SPI support (SSC is not relevant here) but with a different interface since
the Due hardware insists on controlling the chip-select line itself.
There is a second version of SPI.transfer on the Due that allows for continuation bytes.
For standard AVR Arduinos just call SPI.transfer() as many times as you want.
Remember SPI doesn't require any specific timing, you can clock it at any speed within
the upper limit for the chip(s) involved, adding delays anywhere. So long as MISO and
MOSI are stable on the appropriate clock edge it will work.