Taking your question literally, the answer would be "no other issues". But as you haven't shared details of your case, there is a definite chance of some unexpected issue.
A resistor makes a pretty good "current to voltage converter".
Real questions would be like, "can you safely get away with no isolation?".
Maybe you’re looking for something like this? Simple and offers some protection. Do bear in mind that your computer is not isolated either. The beauty of current-loops is that wire resistance doesn’t matter, transmitters usually work with circuit resistances up to 500 or 750 Ohms.
Do yourself one favor, though. Do not ever under any circumstances cause your 250 ohm resistor to go open circuit (for example, unscrew a wire) when the sensor power is applied, because if you do, you apply that sensor 24V to the Arduino, and poof, there goes an analog input, and quite possibly your processor... It's the one downfall of the current loop design.
Thanks to all those who responded with valuable tips and traps !
The points regarding isolation and accidental open circuiting are well noted.
And just for the records, in this particular case the converted 1-5V will be fed to a Labjack data logger. This runs of the USB port of a PC and the required excitation for the 15V for the 2-wire pressure sensor is generated from the USB 5V with a boost circuit. ( Of course will try to keep the maximum draw from the USB port well under 500mA ... if this is not possible then an external PS will need to kick in and then of course isolation becomes an issue )