I found that my circuit is using a lot of the 5v power on the arduino and it is being distributed too much. I want to use an external power supply to actually supply the voltage.
Your question is quite addled. The Arduino does not supply 5 V power at all. It has an on-board regulator which can supply power for the ATmega chip as long as you do not attempt to drive more than about 50 to 100 mA from its outputs in total (and not more than 20 or at the very most, 30 mA each output pin).
If you have any other devices requiring 5 V, you need to provide a regulated 5 V supply for them which can also power the Arduino via the 5 V pin - this is always the most practical way to power it. The on-board regulator is really only for demonstration purposes with a few LEDs.
If you are powering the Peltier with 12 V, it would probably be more practical to use a pure 12 V supply and an inexpensive "buck" regulator to provide 5 V.
Paul__B:
Your question is quite addled. The Arduino does not supply 5 V power at all. It has an on-board regulator which can supply power for the ATmega chip as long as you do not attempt to drive more than about 50 to 100 mA from its outputs in total (and not more than 20 or at the very most, 30 mA each output pin).
If you have any other devices requiring 5 V, you need to provide a regulated 5 V supply for them which can also power the Arduino via the 5 V pin - this is always the most practical way to power it. The on-board regulator is really only for demonstration purposes with a few LEDs.
If you are powering the Peltier with 12 V, it would probably be more practical to use a pure 12 V supply and an inexpensive "buck" regulator to provide 5 V.
Sorry what i meant was that i had a lot of components using the 5v pin of the arduino. I think that the amperage distribution is very bad as i am overusing it by connecting all the power input pin to the 5v. I was wondering if i can power all these components with that power supply in the link instead.