I did not know that the Arduno Zero operates with 3.3V, and I accidentally fed 5V signals into its digital pins. Everything is working just fine since several weeks ago. I just realized about my mistake yesterday and want to correct it by using level shifters.
My question is, why did it continue working properly and did not damage the board?
It worked properly because of the action of the internal static protection diodes of the processor. However it did damage the board and it would have gone on to fail a lot sooner than it should have. Maybe in six months maybe sooner.
Thank you for the quick answer. Then I would start saving for a new board if this one is a goner already. Is there a way to realize it has been damaged? how would the board eventually fail?
Once you take the strain off those static protection diodes then you will extend the life.
Most likely is that the pins you have been using will stop working one by one over time.
Not with any equipment you or I have. the board needs X-ray imaging. Or failing that decapsulating ( removing the chip from the package) and examining with a microscope.