For Chinese hanzi, you really need a minimum of about 12x12 per character (plus a gap between them), and more like 16x16 if you can't use per-pixel dimming to enhance the shapes. These characters are made up of smaller components we call radicals, but the layout and sizes of these radicals are not consistent enough to "construct" a whole hanzi character from its parts. There are over 100,000 hanzi, but only about 4,000 in daily use.
Japanese use the same characters (though not the most rare ones), but also two phonetic alphabets called hiragana and katakana. These are visually simpler, and someone posted a page from some datasheet that illustrated an 8x8 font for katakana. They've used these fonts for all domestic release videogames since the 70s, just spelling everything phonetically instead of with the kanji.
Korean has a semi-phonetic system called hangeul. Like hanzi, the characters are made up of parts, but I think they're more consistent so you can construct a character from its parts. They're also simpler shapes, so you can probably fit it in 10x10, and maybe even in 8x8.
I know nothing of Arabic lettering, but Hebrew seems to be fairly straightforward.