Yes... but... The filtering and load will determine the DC voltage. i.e. With no load the capacitor will tend to charge-up to the full-voltage and stay there, particularly if the TRIAC is triggered within the 1st 90 degrees.
And, I assume you know the peak of sine wave is about 1.4 times the RMS.
Realistically, it's better to use PWM (and a MOSFET instead of a TRIAC) with DC. And, with PWM you don't have to sync to the power line so everything gets a LOT easier.