No, not yet. The Teensy guys were working on it a year ago but I don't know what progress has been made. A quick Google search doesn't show anything new.
You can use the Serial interface. Just make the Arduino read the SD card and send the results over Serial. On the other end, you need to be able to capture the serial stream and save it to a file. A "real" terminal program like RealTerm or TerraTerm can do this.