According to this LINK The ESP32-S2 Current Consumption in Active mode is 190 mA. Does this include all the processes that occur during the activity mode? I mean, if I have a very complicated process and a very easy process, does it consume the same power?
No, it uses different power depending what you are doing. Normally you can find the min and max for the particular board with or without transmitting wifi and without any external connections.
The link you posted describes this in detail including showing the power consumption for empty script and example scripts so maybe just read on a paragraph or two
Is there any references that I can rely on in determining the amount of consumption when transmitting or processing, for example?
You need to read the data sheet for the board you are using.
These things are not mentioned in the data sheet of esp32.
Or just measure the the current.
The actual currents could well vary between the different ESP32 boards in any case.
Yes they are but, as stated, they will vary depending on the utilisation of the processor/wifi. You also linked to a list of power consumption tests for wifi off and wifi on. What more do you want? You will only know the power consumption for your application by measuring it as described above, and in detail on the link you posted (which appears to have the answers to all your questions in it, did you read it?)
How can I measure the current? Can I use 5A USB?
Sure you can power the board from USB, but you need something that actually measures the current.
Either use a multimeter or one of those USB monitor gadgets.
You can see some methods there.
Does reading this usb is not accurate? Why I need to " multimeter or one of those USB monitor gadgets"
This is the thing,
that goes to sleep not the rest of the cht.
If you want low power with an ESP32 learn how to write code for the ULP. The ESP32 has 2 processors. One processor is the dual cores, and the other processor is the ULP. The ULP, Ultra Low Power, processor can do many monitoring tasks that does not require hard work, minimum clock cycles, and when some set point has been reached the ULP can wake the main power-hungry processor to do the work. Then the main processor can be put back to sleep with the ULP taking over.