"Task: Replace a foot operated throttle pedal with a more accurate hand controlled device for testing purposes."
You don't need an Arduino for that but the hardware you use does depend on how much current flows through that pedal.
If the pedal only gets low current (pretty sure this is your case) then a hand control can be made out of a potentiometer and a resistor wired as a variable voltage divider and give very fine control if desired. If you want solid 10% spots then you make or find a dial with detents to click onto or slots to drop into, that mechanical stuff we know and love so well.
If the pedal runs motor current (very unlikely) then I'd find a way to squeeze the what the foot-lever part of the pedal does except by turning a thread perhaps 120-180 degrees and for sure have detents for that one, it will have a spring pushing back. Best part is that the only rewiring would be to move the box under the pedal itself.
If this is a mining application , you probably need flame proof or IS , ruggedised , industrial stuff - not an Arduino project , search for appropriate equipment .