Alternatives to IR array or PIR for 360 degree sensing

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic modules have become incredibly cheap (now as low as US$ 1 on ebay!) and are quite accurate, with a range of up to about 4 meters. I don't know the beamwidth but it may be around 30 degrees. Unfortunately they must be fired sequentially as two modules can interfere with each other, but at that price, you can't afford NOT to do the experiment.

http://www.ebay.com/itm/HC-SR04-Ultrasonic-Module-Distance-Measuring-Transducer-Sensor-for-Arduino-/201080872451?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2ed15a9e03