The schematic was just missing the 8 outputs that go to the MOSFET modules that are connected to my solenoids. The schematic I posted shows all the inputs that are connected to the Arduino and everything on the breadboard where the entire issue of the Negative wires starting to warp, getting too warm, and where I saw some smoke coming out of for a second or two.
There are also 6 outputs that go to a 1.24-inch round display to act as an indicator to show which mode I am using the system in and a few other information I want my program to display so that I don't have to keep my laptop connected to see that info on the serial monitor. The complete system works without any issues. It is just with the analog sensor connected to the system and they issue with the negatives overheating and plastic melting off is happening.