what the OP has is an assembly of :
a plug
wire
aluminum can
piezo element
adhesive to hold piezo element to the can
cork to prevent some of the echo
sealer to hold out the water.
in essence, all he has is a piezo element that requires a high power pulse.
reply #1 is incorrect in that you cannot swap out a high power device and put into a low power circuit.
reply #1 is correct that he has only part of a sensor.
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the OP does no need anything other than the full system to detect tail-gators.
"Why?" I thought the word "tailgater" was self-explanatory. I'll dive a little further in...
?????? are you talking about those folks who have parties in the parking lot of sports events and concerts ? and are looking for a back-up parking sensor, as that is the device you posted.
assuming that anything is self explanatory, well, assume is self explanatory.
can we ASSUME that the entirety of measurement is within 4 meters ? that is, anyone less than 4 meters, or about a half a car length in proximity of the rear of the vehicle.
all the sensors discussed are useless over about 4 meters. since you did the research and chose that device, can we assume you picked a proper sensor for this application ?
the APPLICATION has been totally ignored, and discussion of devices that will not work in the APPLICATION are rampant.
if you have a car behind you at less than 4 meters, you know it because you cannot see their grill in your rearview mirror.
this is a classic X/Y problem, the OP is not asking HOW to accomplish a task, but rather has made a couple incorrect assumptions, has devices that will not perform said task, and now asks us to help him make it work.
the SOLUTION, it to go back to the beginning.
WHAT SENSOR SHOULD BE USED TO DETECT TAILGATERS ?
now, detection is simple, lots of devices and none require the use of an Arduino.
that then opens the door to the question, what do you want to do with that information ?
what distance is another question.....
and, as for best answer, I think my arrogant and insulting post will not make the top 10.