Arduino board & stability

I'm connecting through a cheap Chinese 150 foot USB cable that I know to be
unreliable in electrically noisy environments.

The USB specification demands cable lenghts of 3 to 5 meters max if I remember correctly. Even when chaining hubs or using line extenders the maximum specified cable lenght is well below 150 feet due to signal propagation delays. That's like running standard ethernet over a 200 meter long CAT5 cable.