I could get the ADKTerminalTest demo to work without changes with a
- Galaxy Nexus / Android 4.2.1
- Nexus 7 / 4.2.1
- Acer A500/4.0.3.
First I had the same problems: only loading, nothing else. It started to work after I connected the Due directly with my Macbook (i.e. no hub in between etc.). If a power supply is connected, it does not work either. To me, it looks like a power issue.
My setup:
Macbook -> Due/programming port (as I said, no hub/other device on that port)
Due / native USB -> USB-OTG adapter (Samsung ET-R205U) -> USB cable -> Android device
The due runs the ADKTerminalTest sample (I just added Serial.begin(9600) at the beginning of setup()). The android device runs the "Thibault ICS Termial" app as stated in ADKTerminalTest.