Hi,
Starting simple: If you can connect a small buzzer to a output pin, you have SOME output. Do you know Morse code? I know quite a few blind people send and receive morse.
And there are good text-to-speech modules like this:
I have one of those modules connected to a speaker in the kitchen. I can lie in bed in the dark with my eyes closed and control and monitor quite a few things, get the inside/outside temperatures etc. A single pushbutton in (Morse code) and Text-to-speech out.
Of course I am sighted and was able to read a lot and write code and run wires.
Let us know what you think and what you end up trying...