Of course you can use any valid (AVR-GCC, G++ valid) constructs.
You can directly access ports, and registers. You can setup timers by yourself.
But that will "break" Arduino compatibility, many of the novices here will be frightened by your code (should you decide to post it), and you might encounter unintended side effects if you try to mix Arduino libraries code and your "straight AVR" code.
Here you can find many engineers with very good electronics and software knowledge that can do whatever they like in assembler but that try to be Arduino compatible for the sake of supporting the platform.
Mircho, thanks for your information and advise. I am a very beginner in C or Arduino as I said, but, I already wrote some medium complex programs in assembly (in C I am a zero).