Arduino lookup table...best way to do this?

Some code remarks

measuredValue = analogRead(0);

gives a value between 0 and 1023 and you compare it with values in the 0..5 range. Think you need to add something like

measuredValue = 7.0 * measuredValue / 1023; ??

you can do the comparison directly in the for loop (flips the < to >= ) no need for the extra variable y

for( x = 0; x < 4 && abs(measuredValue - arrayValues[x]) >= 1; x++);

Difference between assignment and comparison
if (x==1) <<<<<< not = but == is the compare


The lookup comparison can be made easier by not putting the middle values in the array but the max values per "state".
==> you get rid of the abs() function making the code faster and more compact.

  float arrayValues[] = { 2.25, 3.3, 4.75, 5.22, 6.12 };  // I added 1.0 to all the values of the original array
...
  for( x=0; x<4 && measuredValue <=arrayValues[x]; x++);
...