Arduino Micro with MicroSD card breakout board (Adafruit)

It sounds OK to me. CS can be any pin, it's just an output that gets driven high or low and needs to stay there for a while, there aren't any difficult timing requirements.

Sometimes SD card readers are touchy. I've had trouble too. You have a card inserted, right? Make sure it is FAT formatted. Maybe try another card. Try a smaller card. Adafruit gives some advice about this here:

More interesting advice: