Arduino Nano V3 upload failure on verifying on-chip flash data

I have 2 nano V3 clones with CH340 USB chip.
Both are loaded with the optiboot 8 bootloader.
The older nano has a mini USB interface and I can upload sketches from the Arduino 2.3.2 IDE without problems.
The newer nano has a type C interface and whenever I try to upload a sketch I get an error when the avrdude tries to read the on-chip flash data after uploading.
I have successfully loaded and verified a 32k file with random binary data into the flash with microchip studio. So it looks to me that the flash is not the problem.
Below is the error I get, when I try to upload my sketch from the Arduino IDE.
I suspect the USB interface as the cause.
Are there any clues how I can solve the problem?

avrdude: 6152 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against T:\TMP\arduino\sketches\C84D68FAEDE3333668587ABFD9DA04EF/EstlcamHandrad.ino.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file T:\TMP\arduino\sketches\C84D68FAEDE3333668587ABFD9DA04EF/EstlcamHandrad.ino.hex:
avrdude: input file T:\TMP\arduino\sketches\C84D68FAEDE3333668587ABFD9DA04EF/EstlcamHandrad.ino.hex contains 6152 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | 
avrdude: stk500_paged_load(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x10, resp=0x52
#avrdude: stk500_cmd(): programmer is out of sync
avr_read(): error reading address 0x0000
    read operation not supported for memory "flash"
avrdude: failed to read all of flash memory, rc=-2
avrdude: stk500_disable(): protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x6e