Ok, I changed this function to define the display elements with hex values, and it compiles and runs properly. I'm sure there are 100 other ways to do this as well, but I don't feel compelled to find them all. 
I now have a display showing text, so I'm happy. Thanks everyone!
// definitions for 14 segment chars
unsigned int LineOne(char index) {
switch (index) {
case 'A': return 0x3B22; // 0b11101100100010;
case 'B': return 0x3CA8; // 0b11110010101000;
case 'C': return 0x2700; // 0b10011100000000;
case 'D': return 0x3C88; // 0b11110010001000;
case 'E': return 0x2722; // 0b10011100100010;
case 'F': return 0x2322; // 0b10001100100010;
case 'G': return 0x2F20; // 0b10111100100000;
case 'H': return 0x1B22; // 0b01101100100010;
case 'I': return 0x2488; // 0b10010010001000;
case 'J': return 0x1C00; // 0b01110000000000;
case 'K': return 0x352; // 0b00001101010010;
case 'L': return 0x700; // 0b00011100000000;
case 'M': return 0x1B41; // 0b01101101000001;
case 'N': return 0x1B11; // 0b01101100010001;
case 'O': return 0x3F00; // 0b11111100000000;
case 'P': return 0x3322; // 0b11001100100010;
case 'Q': return 0x3F10; // 0b11111100010000;
case 'R': return 0x3332; // 0b11001100110010;
case 'S': return 0x2D22; // 0b10110100100010;
case 'T': return 0x2088; // 0b10000010001000;
case 'U': return 0x1F00; // 0b01111100000000;
case 'V': return 0x344; // 0b00001101000100;
case 'W': return 0x1B14; // 0b01101100010100;
case 'X': return 0x55; // 0b00000001010101;
case 'Y': return 0x49; // 0b00000001001001;
case 'Z': return 0x2444; // 0b10010001000100;
default: return 0x0; // 0b00000000000000;
}
}