// Pin definitions
#define CLOCK_SWITCH_PIN 2 // Clock on/off SPST switch
#define STEP_SELECT_PIN 3 // Step selection SPDT switch common terminal
#define POT_PIN A4 // Potentiometer for clock rate
#define ONBOARD_LED_PIN 13 // Onboard LED pin
int ledPins[] = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; // Output pins for LEDs/relays
// Variables
int currentStep = 0; // Current step in the sequence
unsigned long lastStepTime = 0; // Last time a step was updated
unsigned long onboardLedTime = 0; // Last time the onboard LED was toggled
int stepDelay = 500; // Default delay (ms)
int totalSteps = 6; // Default number of steps
bool clockRunning = false; // Clock on/off state
bool onboardLedState = false; // State of the onboard LED
unsigned long previousMillis = 0; // Stores the last time the step was updated
unsigned long previousLedMillis = 0; // Stores the last time the onboard LED toggled
void setup() {
// Configure input pins
pinMode(CLOCK_SWITCH_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Enable pull-up for clock switch
pinMode(STEP_SELECT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Enable pull-up for SPDT switch
// Configure LED output pins
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
pinMode(ledPins[i], OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW); // Ensure all outputs start LOW
}
// Configure the onboard LED pin
pinMode(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, LOW); // Ensure the onboard LED starts OFF
}
void loop() {
// Read the state of the clock switch
clockRunning = !digitalRead(CLOCK_SWITCH_PIN); // LOW = clock ON, HIGH = clock OFF
// Read the step selector switch state
int stepSelectorState = digitalRead(STEP_SELECT_PIN);
if (stepSelectorState == LOW) {
totalSteps = 5; // Switch connected to GND → 5 steps
} else {
totalSteps = 6; // Switch in HIGH position → 6 steps
}
// Read the potentiometer to set step delay
int potValue = analogRead(POT_PIN);
stepDelay = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 50, 1500); // Map pot to delay range (100ms to 2s)
// If the clock is running, handle the sequencer logic
if (clockRunning) {
// Check if it's time to update the step
if (millis() - previousMillis >= stepDelay) {
previousMillis = millis(); // Update the time
// Turn off all LEDs
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
}
// Activate the current step LED
digitalWrite(ledPins[currentStep], HIGH);
// Move to the next step
currentStep = (currentStep + 1) % totalSteps;
}
// Blink the onboard LED at the clock speed
if (millis() - previousLedMillis >= stepDelay) {
previousLedMillis = millis(); // Update the onboard LED toggle time
onboardLedState = !onboardLedState; // Toggle onboard LED state
digitalWrite(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, onboardLedState);
}
} else {
// Ensure all LEDs are LOW and onboard LED is OFF when the clock is off
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
}
digitalWrite(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, LOW);
onboardLedState = false; // Reset the onboard LED state
}
}
The problem is the output of the arduino is only 5V and I would like to generate 9V output.
I thought I should use a transistors but not sure how I should wire them?
Yes, kind of. instead of the leds I am feeding this output to a capacitor to make an envelope to control the amplitude of 40106 osc. So 5V in too quite..
Here is my synth schematic(one part):
Will this work?
when sequence output is LOW emmiter is tie to ground and therfore LOW as well. When sequence is HIGH - current will flow from 9V at the collector pin via R8 to the emmiter pin and via D1 and R1. Is this could work?
#define BUTTON_PIN 3 // Button connected to pin 3
#define TIME_WINDOW 3000 // Time window in milliseconds (3 seconds)
#define DEBOUNCE_DELAY 200 // Debounce delay in milliseconds (200ms)
#define CLOCK_SWITCH_PIN 2 // Clock on/off SPST switch
#define POT_PIN A4 // Potentiometer for clock rate
#define ONBOARD_LED_PIN 13 // Onboard LED pin
int ledPins[] = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; // Output pins for LEDs/relays
// Variables for button counting
unsigned long lastPressTime = 0; // Time of the last button press
unsigned long pressStartTime = 0; // Start time for press count
int buttonPressCount = 0; // Number of presses within the time window
int finalButtonPressCount = 0; // Store the final count of presses within the window
bool lastButtonState = HIGH; // Last button state (default HIGH due to pull-up resistor)
bool buttonState = HIGH; // Current button state
// Variables for sequencer
int currentStep = 0; // Current step in the sequence
unsigned long lastStepTime = 0; // Last time a step was updated
unsigned long onboardLedTime = 0; // Last time the onboard LED was toggled
int stepDelay = 500; // Default delay (ms)
int totalSteps = 6; // Default number of steps
bool clockRunning = false; // Clock on/off state
bool onboardLedState = false; // State of the onboard LED
unsigned long previousMillis = 0; // Stores the last time the step was updated
unsigned long previousLedMillis = 0; // Stores the last time the onboard LED toggled
void setup() {
pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Set the button pin as input with pull-up
pinMode(CLOCK_SWITCH_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Enable pull-up for clock switch
// Configure LED output pins
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
pinMode(ledPins[i], OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW); // Ensure all outputs start LOW
}
// Configure the onboard LED pin
pinMode(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, LOW); // Ensure the onboard LED starts OFF
Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication at 9600 baud
}
void loop() {
// Read the current state of the button
buttonState = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);
// If the button is pressed (state changed from HIGH to LOW)
if (buttonState == LOW && lastButtonState == HIGH) {
// Debounce the button (only count the press if enough time has passed)
if (millis() - lastPressTime > DEBOUNCE_DELAY) {
// Reset the press counter if a new press period starts
if (millis() - pressStartTime > TIME_WINDOW) {
pressStartTime = millis(); // Start a new counting period
buttonPressCount = 0; // Reset count
}
// Increment the press count
buttonPressCount++;
// Update the last press time to the current time
lastPressTime = millis();
}
}
// Store the current button state for the next loop iteration
lastButtonState = buttonState;
// If the time window has passed, reset the count and print it
if (millis() - pressStartTime >= TIME_WINDOW) {
if (buttonPressCount > 0) {
finalButtonPressCount = buttonPressCount; // Store the final press count within the window
Serial.print("Final count within window: ");
Serial.println(finalButtonPressCount);
}
pressStartTime = millis(); // Reset the timer for the next period
buttonPressCount = 0; // Reset the count after each period
// Based on the final button presses, set the number of steps
if (finalButtonPressCount == 1) {
totalSteps = 3; // If 1 press, 3 steps
} else if (finalButtonPressCount == 2) {
totalSteps = 4; // If 2 presses, 4 steps
} else if (finalButtonPressCount == 3) {
totalSteps = 5; // If 3 presses, 5 steps
} else if (finalButtonPressCount >= 4) {
totalSteps = 6; // If 4 or more presses, 6 steps
}
}
// Read the state of the clock switch
clockRunning = !digitalRead(CLOCK_SWITCH_PIN); // LOW = clock ON, HIGH = clock OFF
// Read the potentiometer to set step delay
int potValue = analogRead(POT_PIN);
stepDelay = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 50, 2000); // Map pot to delay range (100ms to 2s)
// If the clock is running, handle the sequencer logic
if (clockRunning) {
// Check if it's time to update the step
if (millis() - previousMillis >= stepDelay) {
previousMillis = millis(); // Update the time
// Turn off all LEDs
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
}
// Activate the current step LED
digitalWrite(ledPins[currentStep], HIGH);
// Move to the next step
currentStep = (currentStep + 1) % totalSteps;
}
// Blink the onboard LED at the clock speed
if (millis() - previousLedMillis >= stepDelay) {
previousLedMillis = millis(); // Update the onboard LED toggle time
onboardLedState = !onboardLedState; // Toggle onboard LED state
digitalWrite(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, onboardLedState);
}
} else {
// Ensure all LEDs are LOW and onboard LED is OFF when the clock is off
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
}
digitalWrite(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, LOW);
onboardLedState = false; // Reset the onboard LED state
}
}
All depends. It may only last 4-5 hours with a 9V battery. If you want longer, then buy a 9V plug in adaptor and connect it to Vin and the rest of the circuit.
Any takes on my code? perhups things that can be simplified or change?
#define BUTTON_PIN 3 // Button connected to pin 3
#define TIME_WINDOW 3000 // Time window in milliseconds (3 seconds)
#define DEBOUNCE_DELAY 200 // Debounce delay in milliseconds (200ms)
#define CLOCK_SWITCH_PIN 2 // Clock on/off SPST switch
#define POT_PIN A4 // Potentiometer for clock rate
#define ONBOARD_LED_PIN 13 // Onboard LED pin
int ledPins[] = { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }; // Output pins for LEDs/relays
// Variables for button counting
unsigned long lastPressTime = 0; // Time of the last button press
unsigned long pressStartTime = 0; // Start time for press count
int buttonPressCount = 0; // Number of presses within the time window
int finalButtonPressCount = 0; // Store the final count of presses within the window
bool lastButtonState = HIGH; // Last button state (default HIGH due to pull-up resistor)
bool buttonState = HIGH; // Current button state
// Variables for sequencer
int currentStep = 0; // Current step in the sequence
unsigned long lastStepTime = 0; // Last time a step was updated
unsigned long onboardLedTime = 0; // Last time the onboard LED was toggled
int stepDelay = 500; // Default delay (ms)
int totalSteps = 6; // Default number of steps
bool clockRunning = false; // Clock on/off state
bool onboardLedState = false; // State of the onboard LED
unsigned long previousMillis = 0; // Stores the last time the step was updated
unsigned long previousLedMillis = 0; // Stores the last time the onboard LED toggled
void setup() {
pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Set the button pin as input with pull-up
pinMode(CLOCK_SWITCH_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Enable pull-up for clock switch
// Configure LED output pins
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
pinMode(ledPins[i], OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW); // Ensure all outputs start LOW
}
// Configure the onboard LED pin
pinMode(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, LOW); // Ensure the onboard LED starts OFF
Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication at 9600 baud
}
void loop() {
// Read the current state of the button
buttonState = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);
// If the button is pressed (state changed from HIGH to LOW)
if (buttonState == LOW && lastButtonState == HIGH) {
// Debounce the button (only count the press if enough time has passed)
if (millis() - lastPressTime > DEBOUNCE_DELAY) {
// Reset the press counter if a new press period starts
if (millis() - pressStartTime > TIME_WINDOW) {
pressStartTime = millis(); // Start a new counting period
buttonPressCount = 0; // Reset count
}
// Increment the press count
buttonPressCount++;
// Update the last press time to the current time
lastPressTime = millis();
}
}
// Store the current button state for the next loop iteration
lastButtonState = buttonState;
// If the time window has passed, reset the count and print it
if (millis() - pressStartTime >= TIME_WINDOW) {
if (buttonPressCount > 0) {
finalButtonPressCount = buttonPressCount; // Store the final press count within the window
Serial.print("Final count within window: ");
Serial.println(finalButtonPressCount);
}
pressStartTime = millis(); // Reset the timer for the next period
buttonPressCount = 0; // Reset the count after each period
// Based on the final button presses, set the number of steps
if (finalButtonPressCount == 1) {
totalSteps = 3; // If 1 press, 3 steps
} else if (finalButtonPressCount == 2) {
totalSteps = 4; // If 2 presses, 4 steps
} else if (finalButtonPressCount == 3) {
totalSteps = 5; // If 3 presses, 5 steps
} else if (finalButtonPressCount >= 4) {
totalSteps = 6; // If 4 or more presses, 6 steps
}
}
// Read the state of the clock switch
clockRunning = !digitalRead(CLOCK_SWITCH_PIN); // LOW = clock ON, HIGH = clock OFF
// Read the potentiometer to set step delay
int potValue = analogRead(POT_PIN);
stepDelay = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 50, 2000); // Map pot to delay range (100ms to 2s)
// If the clock is running, handle the sequencer logic
if (clockRunning) {
// Check if it's time to update the step
if (millis() - previousMillis >= stepDelay) {
previousMillis = millis(); // Update the time
// Turn off all LEDs
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
}
// Activate the current step LED
digitalWrite(ledPins[currentStep], HIGH);
// Move to the next step
currentStep = (currentStep + 1) % totalSteps;
}
// Blink the onboard LED at the clock speed
if (millis() - previousLedMillis >= stepDelay) {
previousLedMillis = millis(); // Update the onboard LED toggle time
onboardLedState = !onboardLedState; // Toggle onboard LED state
digitalWrite(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, onboardLedState);
}
} else {
// Ensure all LEDs are LOW and onboard LED is OFF when the clock is off
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
}
digitalWrite(ONBOARD_LED_PIN, LOW);
onboardLedState = false; // Reset the onboard LED state
}
}
