What I said was I don't believe you can copy a file. What I meant was I don't believe you can copy a file in the manner you might in windows or DOS. What I also said was that you can copy the contents, and it appears that you have succeeded in that as far as text is concerned. I guess the difference between a text file and a JPG is that FileDump simply dips in and retrieves characters while you need to retrieve raw data from a JPG.
If PaulS actually tells you it is possible, you can be pretty sure it is, and you don't need to run off and buy a RasPi. Further, there is nothing wrong with the hardware you have. You just need to settle the software, and I'm sure you aren't the first to do this. Just ask the question - how to retrieve JPG off SD. One place to look is display of JPG from SD onto LCD. I think Henning Karlsen addresses this in his library stuff. I understand these exercises routinely store the images on SD.