Arduino UNO R4 Minima - I can send keystrokes, or I can control a stepper motor. But I can't do both things in the same sketch

There are some other strange usages of AccelStepper methods, but this definitely cannot work. During your long delay() no steps are created, so your stepper does not move. AccelStepper needs a blocking free design.
That's not a problem of AccelStepper.h and Keyboard.h.
Alternatively you could use the MobaTools library, which is able to create the steps even during delay().