If, when you unplug the ATmega328P chip and put it back into a Uno, it works fine there, then the obvious conclusion is that you have made a wiring error on the prototype board. Post a link to the the design you followed.
Remember that a USB battery (power bank) may have an auto shutoff feature. If you are feeding 5 volts into that circuit, that should not go through the regulator but direct to Vcc for the MCU.