The Arduino ADC is only 10 bits and it isn't fast enough to digitize good-quality audio. And, I'm pretty sure it's not fast enough to continuously transmit audio via Bluetooth, especially if it's digitizing audio at the same time. (And, check the specs on your Bluetooth module to make sure it can transmit audio.)
You can find Bluetooth transmitters that accept analog input.
2 Weeks isn't enough time even if you were an expert programmer and hardware engineer!