I made this video to post here so I could get help with my project because it wasn't working, but after I made the video, I realized I had just put the pins in in reverse order. So I reversed them and got it going!
...but since I had already made this video, I figured it might help others trying to figure out what the code does.
The original code is from this tutorial on the Arduino site.... Arduino Playground - AY38910
To troubleshoot, I routed the signals that were originally going to the AY's pins to led's. Then, I put delays after each time the signals to the pins changed so I could see what register the code was writing to and what was being put there.
!!Keep in mind the data register led's on the lower right are backwards because I am dumb!!
The first part of the video was to show I had the speaker hooked up correctly, so don't pay any attention to that part. The sound isn't coming from the AY (although it sounds quite similar.)
The next section shows the sequence of mode switching the the AY uses to link a memory address to the data you want to input.
Then, it shows the mode switching on the left and the address and write data on the right.
I also overlaid relevant sections of the manual on top of the video as reference for what the binary data means.
The video is short, but if you're trying to do something similar and want to know more, just let me know on G+ or in the comments.