Bastl Kastle Synth Reprogramming Trouble

wilunki:
But why wouldn't it verify?

The compiler already told you:

kastleSampler\kastleSampler.ino: In function 'void setTimers()':

kastleSampler:207: error: 'TCCR1' was not declared in this scope

   TCCR1 = 0;                  //stop the timer

If you compile for ATmega328 and the ATmega328 doesn't have a register named TCCR1 then TCCR1 will not have been declared, will it?

wilunki:
What programmer would I need to use to get it to an attiny 85?

Any AVR ISP programmer will work. My personal preference is the USBasp 6 pin model, which you can buy for <$3 with free shipping from China on eBay. You can use any regular Arduino board as an "Arduino as ISP" programmer if you don't want to buy a dedicated programmer.

You will need to install support for ATtiny85 in the Arduino IDE. The best hardware package for that is:

If you install ATTinyCore and then try compiling the sketch for ATtiny85 you'll find it will complete without any errors.