Paul's right...you don't know what you're doing. The code you posted doesn't even compile.
Study this until you completely understand what every statement does:
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
output_array();
}
void loop()
{
}
void output_array() // generates a matrix of temperature data
{
int i, j, index;
float tempArray[4][4];
index = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
for (j = 0;j < 4; j++) {
tempArray[i][j] = (float) index++; // Fill the array
}
}
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
for (j = 0;j < 4; j++) {
Serial.print(tempArray[i][j]); // Now show it
Serial.print(" ");
}
Serial.print("\n");
}
}