best solution for 12 analog outputs (5 bits)

it would be 31*1ms.

1ms is for the shortest duration (a '1' at bit 0 if you will).

A short PWM_Bit will improve ripple, and response time, but it would tie up the mcu more.

I think 50us is probably the bare minimum you can go and I would actually go with a 1ms as that is more than sufficient for your stated response time of 1s.