baspacc:
Is there any chance to filter/limit what is being displayed there?
Not that I'm aware of. The Arduino IDE 2.x's integrated debugger is this VS Code extension:
So any information you find in the documentation of that project should apply to the Arduino IDE 2.x. Please let us know if you learn anything. I'm sure I'm not the only one interested in this subject.
baspacc:
But in almost all cases the functionality of this window breaks with second run of Debugger - the value is not being updated any more. A manual update is possible, but I need to click it and press enter in the variable edit window every time I want to read current value. Is this a bug or am I missing something?
I'm not super knowledgeable on this subject, but I also ran into the exact thing you describe during the beta testing phase and it surely seemed like a bug to me, so I filed a report with the developers.
baspacc:
Also, do I understand correctly that timer (millis()) in debug mode is stopped when a breakpoint is reached?
Correct. Execution halts completely.
baspacc:
Another question - my IDE seems not to have any debugger configuration pre-set. I'm referring to the drop down menu at the top of the debug console. What I have is "No Configurations" and "Add Configuration". Some videos indicate that there should be an "Arduino" profile selected, but in my case it seems to work without it. Although occasionally it does appear there... :-/
I think it's partially related to whether you open the debugger via the button on the top bar or the one on the side bar. In addition, it's related to the state of the sketch. You can learn about that here:
I have also not been happy with this user experience (see my review of that pull request for details). I think there are plans to investigate improving on this situation at some point, but for now we'll have to be resigned to the rough edges on the debugger.
baspacc:
I guess a lot will become clear once documentation is released. Any ETA?
All I know is what Ubi shared here:
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=731809.msg4924623#msg4924623