Can I host an ASR33 Teletype with an Arduino?

With respect to bit banging, generating output is trivial

Maybe. I mean, sure, if you want to spend all your time in delay functions waiting to output the next bit. But some of the softwareSerial implementations are based on timers, and then you have to start worrying about whether the timer you're using can do as much as 1/110 s ("just barely" for the 8bit timers. If you change the prescaler away from "normal.")