Can I host an ASR33 Teletype with an Arduino?

You can modify software serial to get that Baud rate. See this discussion. Google will find others.

Or, better yet, use the hardware serial port. It can easily be programmed for any arbitrary Baud rate, although for some Baud rates the error rate may be unacceptable. See the ATMega328 data sheet, UART section for how to do that.