I am trying to figure out if this sensor (VL53L0X Laser Sensor) can be used inside a big box (around 1,5m high and 1m side), in the dark (closed box) and with a protective glass in front of it?
The glass may be an issue, but if that's normal window glass it should be transparent to the IR of the sensor. If it's PMMA (perspex, plexiglass) it may not be.
Reflections off the glass surface may mess up your readings - you will have to try it out.