You should get an A/D value of ~512 with that setup, not 1023.
Try swapping the red and the white wire, and post back.
A load cell has only a small variation in resistance.
I doubt that you can see more that two or three A/D values difference if you put weight on the load cell.
So you need an amplifier.
A HX711 breakout board is commonly used.
Your picture shows a half bridge cell. A 4-wire load cell is a full bridge.
You need a full bridge for the HX711.
You can use two of those 3-wire cells to make a full bridge.
Or you can use two 1k resistors to make the other half of the bridge.
Google "half bridge load cell" (pictures) for examples.
Leo..