Can't upload to ESP8266

Hi there! This is my first question on the forum. I started with Arduino and the ESP8266 yesterday and am running into the same error each time i try to upload something to the board:

Arduino: 1.8.12 (Linux), Board: "Generic ESP8266 Module, 80 MHz, Flash, Disabled (new can abort), All SSL ciphers (most compatible), no dtr (aka ck), 26 MHz, 40MHz, DOUT (compatible), 512KB (FS:none OTA:~246KB), 2, nonos-sdk 2.2.1+100 (190703), v2 Lower Memory, Disabled, None, All Flash Contents, 115200"

Executable segment sizes:
IROM   : 227612          - code in flash         (default or ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR) 
IRAM   : 26768   / 32768 - code in IRAM          (ICACHE_RAM_ATTR, ISRs...) 
DATA   : 1252  )         - initialized variables (global, static) in RAM/HEAP 
RODATA : 672   ) / 81920 - constants             (global, static) in RAM/HEAP 
BSS    : 24880 )         - zeroed variables      (global, static) in RAM/HEAP 
Sketch uses 256304 bytes (51%) of program storage space. Maximum is 499696 bytes.
Global variables use 26804 bytes (32%) of dynamic memory, leaving 55116 bytes for local variables. Maximum is 81920 bytes.
esptool.py v2.8
Serial port /dev/ttyUSB0
Connecting........_____....._____....._____....._____....._____....._____.....____Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/.arduino15/packages/esp8266/hardware/esp8266/2.6.3/tools/upload.py", line 65, in <module>
    esptool.main(cmdline)
  File "/root/.arduino15/packages/esp8266/hardware/esp8266/2.6.3/tools/esptool/esptool.py", line 2890, in main
    esp.connect(args.before)
  File "/root/.arduino15/packages/esp8266/hardware/esp8266/2.6.3/tools/esptool/esptool.py", line 483, in connect
    raise FatalError('Failed to connect to %s: %s' % (self.CHIP_NAME, last_error))
esptool.FatalError: Failed to connect to ESP8266: Timed out waiting for packet header
esptool.FatalError: Failed to connect to ESP8266: Timed out waiting for packet header

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This report would have more information with
"Show verbose output during compilation"
option enabled in File -> Preferences.

I set up everything following these to guides:

The board is an ESP-01 and to upload my sketches i use a USB-to-ESP8266-Board. The linked articles are exactly the ones in use.

I already read this thread, but downgrading the library didn't solve my issue. I put a pulldown-resistor between GPIO0 and GND to put the board in programming mode.

Also, i see a blue LED flashing while i upload the sketch (which as i understand it signals, that there is some kind of communication), but the error persists.

I use Arduino on Linux. The USB-Programmer is registered as /dev/USBtty0 and lsusb shows it as QinHeng Electronics HL-340 USB-Serial adapter.

Can someone guide me to a solution or suggest something for me to try out? I'll be happy to provide more information if needed.

Thanks!

1. Can you see something like below when you click on the Tools task of the ToolBox of the IDE?

2. What COMX Port are you seeing at the bottom of the IDE? Say, it is COM7.

3. Now, update the driver as following:
Start---> Device Manager ---> Ports ------> Silicon Labs CP210X USB .... ----> Update driver ---> Browse my computer for driver software ---> Let me pick ... ---> Silicon Labs CP210X USB .... select and click on Next button.

It looks like this for me:

Also note, that i'm on Linux, so i don't have any COM-ports, but devices. /dev/ttyUSB0 is present and the correct device in this case. According to 259 this could be related to the USB-programmer i'm using!