change sensors after period of time

It's hard to know where to start.

For example

byte sensors[6] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; 
int MCs[6];
byte delayTimes[6];

for (byte n = 0; n < 6; n++) }{
  MCs[n] = analogRead(sensors[n]);
  delayTimes[n] = (50 + 950/700 * MCs[n]);
}

I think you could also simplify the decision making code with something like this

if (encoderPos > maxEncoderPos) {
  encoderPos = 0;
}

if (encoderPos > 75) {
   // stuff for that segment
}
else if (encoderPos > 50) {
  // stuff for that segment
}
else if (encoderPos > 25) {
  // stuff for that segment
}
else { // encoder pos >= 0
  // stuff for that segment
}

...R