As long as you don't have the Arduino IDE setup as an App then its easy and you can adjust the colors as you please, You need to replace the theme folder located in C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\lib with the one i attached, from there you can edit the icons and text colors, its already setup for a "Dark theme"
I have attempted to document all the theme properties here:
That repository also contains a dummy library you can use to test your custom themes.
Note that changes to the theme only take effect after you exit all Arduino IDE windows and then start the IDE it again.
Recently, a nice feature was added to the Arduino IDE that allows you to install themes to the theme subfolder of your sketchbook folder. You can find the location of the sketchbook folder in the Arduino IDE at File > Preferences > Sketchbook location. The reason this is better than the old way of putting your custom theme in the Arduino IDE installation folder is that the old way caused you to have to redo the theme installation every time you updated to a new version of the Arduino IDE. In the case of Windows (and maybe macOS too), if you used the installer to update, it will even cause the custom theme to be deleted. That will not happen with the sketchbook folder, which persists through IDE updates.